Beginning Perl for Bioinformatics
Preface
What Is Bioinformatics?
About This Book
Who This Book Is For
Why Should I Learn to Program?
Structure of This Book
Conventions Used in This Book
Comments and Questions
Acknowledgments
1. Biology and Computer Science
1.1 The Organization of DNA
1.2 The Organization of Proteins
1.3 In Silico
1.4 Limits to Computation
2. Getting Started with Perl
2.1 A Low and Long Learning Curve
2.2 Perl's Benefits
2.3 Installing Perl on Your Computer
2.4 How to Run Perl Programs
2.5 Text Editors
2.6 Finding Help
3. The Art of Programming
3.1 Individual Approaches to Programming
3.2 Edit—Run—Revise (and Save)
3.3 An Environment of Programs
3.4 Programming Strategies
3.5 The Programming Process
4. Sequences and Strings
4.1 Representing Sequence Data
4.2 A Program to Store a DNA Sequence
4.3 Concatenating DNA Fragments
4.4 Transcription: DNA to RNA
4.5 Using the Perl Documentation
4.6 Calculating the Reverse Complement in Perl
4.7 Proteins, Files, and Arrays
4.8 Reading Proteins in Files
4.9 Arrays
4.10 Scalar and List Context
4.11 Exercises
5. Motifs and Loops
5.1 Flow Control
5.2 Code Layout
5.3 Finding Motifs
5.4 Counting Nucleotides
5.5 Exploding Strings into Arrays
5.6 Operating on Strings
5.7 Writing to Files
5.8 Exercises
6. Subroutines and Bugs
6.1 Subroutines
6.2 Scoping and Subroutines
6.3 Command-Line Arguments and Arrays
6.4 Passing Data to Subroutines
6.5 Modules and Libraries of Subroutines
6.6 Fixing Bugs in Your Code
6.7 Exercises
7. Mutations and Randomization
7.1 Random Number Generators
7.2 A Program Using Randomization
7.3 A Program to Simulate DNA Mutation
7.4 Generating Random DNA
7.5 Analyzing DNA
7.6 Exercises
8. The Genetic Code
8.1 Hashes
8.2 Data Structures and Algorithms for Biology
8.3 The Genetic Code
8.4 Translating DNA into Proteins
8.5 Reading DNA from Files in FASTA Format
8.6 Reading Frames
8.7 Exercises
9. Restriction Maps and Regular Expressions
9.1 Regular Expressions
9.2 Restriction Maps and Restriction Enzymes
9.3 Perl Operations
9.4 Exercises
10. GenBank
10.1 GenBank Files
10.2 GenBank Libraries
10.3 Separating Sequence and Annotation
10.4 Parsing Annotations
10.5 Indexing GenBank with DBM
10.6 Exercises
11. Protein Data Bank
11.1 Overview of PDB
11.2 Files and Folders
11.3 PDB Files
11.4 Parsing PDB Files
11.5 Controlling Other Programs
11.6 Exercises
12. BLAST
12.1 Obtaining BLAST
12.2 String Matching and Homology
12.3 BLAST Output Files
12.4 Parsing BLAST Output
12.5 Presenting Data
12.6 Bioperl
12.7 Exercises
13. Further Topics
13.1 The Art of Program Design
13.2 Web Programming
13.3 Algorithms and Sequence Alignment
13.4 Object-Oriented Programming
13.5 Perl Modules
13.6 Complex Data Structures
13.7 Relational Databases
13.8 Microarrays and XML
13.9 Graphics Programming
13.10 Modeling Networks
13.11 DNA Computers
A. Resources
A.1 Perl
A.2 Computer Science
A.3 Linux
A.4 Bioinformatics
A.5 Molecular Biology
B. Perl Summary
B.1 Command Interpretation
B.2 Comments
B.3 Scalar Values and Scalar Variables
B.4 Assignment
B.5 Statements and Blocks
B.6 Arrays
B.7 Hashes
B.8 Operators
B.9 Operator Precedence
B.10 Basic Operators
B.11 Conditionals and Logical Operators
B.12 Binding Operators
B.13 Loops
B.14 Input/Output
B.15 Regular Expressions
B.16 Scalar and List Context
B.17 Subroutines and Modules
B.18 Built-in Functions
Colophon